Artifact GuideUKAdequacy

UK GDPR Adequacy Regulations

Use adequacy only when an in-force UK regulation covers the exact restricted transfer.

Full adequacy can cover a country broadly. Partial adequacy may cover only a territory, sector, recipient type, data type, or transfers meeting specified conditions.

Author
Sorena AI
Published
May 9, 2026
Updated
Jul 27, 2026
Questions
3

Structured answer sets in this page tree.

Primary sources
6

Cited legal and guidance references.

Publication metadata
Sorena AI
Published May 9, 2026
Updated Jul 27, 2026
Overview

UK , also called data bridges, allow an in-scope without an Article 46 safeguard or . Since 5 February 2026, Articles 45A to 45C contain the UK approval and monitoring framework. The government may approve all transfers or a defined subset only, so a destination name by itself is not enough.

Search this module

Find a question or answer quickly

3 of 3 questions
Question 1

How do we decide whether adequacy covers a transfer?

First apply the ICO's restricted-transfer test: UK GDPR applies to the processing, your organisation initiates a transfer to an organisation outside the UK, and the recipient is a separate legal entity. If all three conditions are met, check the current ICO adequacy list and the underlying regulation.

Match the destination, territory, sector, recipient, data type, and any eligibility conditions. Record the regulation and date checked. If adequacy covers the transfer, no Article 46 safeguard or TRA is required, but the lawful basis, transparency, security, processor, rights, minimisation, and accountability duties still apply.

  • Map the sender, recipient, locations, roles, data, purpose, access method, and onward transfers.
  • Record why the movement is a before selecting adequacy or another Chapter V route.
  • Check whether the regulation gives full or and whether every scope condition is met.
  • For Canada, confirm the transferred information is subject to PIPEDA; for Japan, confirm the recipient and information fall within the APPI scope described by the decision.
  • For the United States, confirm the recipient participates in and is eligible for the to the EU-US Data Privacy Framework.
Citations
Question 2

Which destinations currently have UK adequacy coverage?

The ICO's current list includes full adequacy for the EEA countries and institutions, Andorra, Argentina, Faroe Islands, Gibraltar, Guernsey, Isle of Man, Israel, Jersey, New Zealand, Switzerland, Uruguay, and the Republic of Korea. Canada and Japan have partial coverage under the conditions stated by the ICO. The United States has partial coverage only for eligible transfers under the .

Treat this list as time-sensitive. The Secretary of State must monitor relevant developments and amend or revoke approval regulations if the Article 45B data protection test is no longer met. Check the ICO list and regulation when approving a new transfer and on a suitable review trigger.

  • Do not infer adequacy for a territory from a nearby country's status.
  • Do not treat an announcement, negotiation, or policy statement as an in-force approval regulation.
  • Do not assume every Canadian, Japanese, or US recipient is covered.
  • Keep recipient eligibility evidence and monitor changes that could take the transfer outside the regulation.
Citations
UK GDPR Articles 45A to 45C

Binding framework for transfers approved by regulations, the not-materially-lower data protection test, targeted approvals, monitoring, amendment, and revocation.

Question 3

What if adequacy does not cover the transfer?

Use an Article 46 safeguard and complete the data protection test, which the ICO continues to call a , or rely on a specific Article 49 exception if its conditions are met. Exceptions are not a substitute for routine safeguards simply because they are easier to document.

If part of a transfer is covered and part is not, separate the data or recipients and document the lawful route for each part. Stop the uncovered transfer if no safeguard or exception can lawfully support it.

Citations
Primary sources

References and citations

ico.org.uk
Referenced sections
  • Current ICO guidance on adequacy regulations and the UK Extension to the EU-US Data Privacy Framework.
legislation.gov.uk
Referenced sections
  • Binding framework for transfers approved by regulations, the not-materially-lower data protection test, targeted approvals, monitoring, amendment, and revocation.
Related guides

Explore more topics

How do you choose a lawful basis under the UK GDPR?
Choose and document the UK GDPR lawful basis that fits each processing purpose, including recognised legitimate interest, in force since 5 February 2026.
UK Children's Code: Scope and 15 Standards
Decide whether an online service is likely to be accessed by UK children and apply the ICO Children's Code standards to product design and personal-data use.
UK GDPR 72-hour Breach Reporting Guide
Decide whether a UK personal data breach must be reported to the ICO, when the 72-hour clock starts, what the report must contain, and when individuals must be told.
UK GDPR 72-Hour Breach Reporting: Decision Guide
Decide whether a personal data breach must be reported to the ICO, when the 72-hour clock starts, what the report needs, and when affected people must be told.
UK GDPR Adequacy Guide
Use UK transfer approval regulations by checking the destination, recipient, data, sector, effective status, scope limits, and review evidence.
UK GDPR AI and Automated Decisions Guide
Current UK GDPR rules for significant solely automated decisions, meaningful human involvement, Article 22B restrictions, and Article 22C safeguards.
UK GDPR AI and Automated Decisions: Articles 22A-22D
Apply the current UK rules for significant solely automated decisions, special-category restrictions, meaningful human involvement, and Article 22C safeguards.
UK GDPR Applicability Test Guide
Apply the UK GDPR material and territorial scope tests to one processing activity, including exclusions, non-UK organisations, roles, and evidence.
UK GDPR Article 30 Records Guide
Build UK GDPR Article 30 records for controller and processor activities, apply the narrow under-250 exception, and keep the records current and available to the ICO.
UK GDPR Article 30 Records: What to Document
See which controllers and processors need records of processing activities, what each record must contain, and how the under-250-employee exemption works.
UK GDPR Breach Notification Guide
Decide whether a personal data breach must be reported to the ICO or communicated to individuals, with deadlines, exceptions, content, and evidence.
UK GDPR Breach Workflow Guide
Run a UK GDPR personal data breach workflow from containment and awareness through risk assessment, ICO reporting, individual notice, and the breach record.
UK GDPR Children and Age Appropriate Design Guide
Apply UK GDPR children's protections and the Age Appropriate Design Code to online services likely to be accessed by children.
UK GDPR Children's Code Guide
A practical guide to Children's Code scope, its 15 standards, age 13 consent, evidence, exceptions, and product implementation.
UK GDPR Compliance Checklist
A verifiable UK GDPR checklist for scope, lawful processing, transparency, rights, governance, security, breaches, DPIAs, children, and transfers.
UK GDPR Compliance FAQ: Duties, Rights, and Decisions
Answer common UK GDPR questions on scope, lawful basis, records, DPIAs, DPOs, rights, breaches, children, automated decisions, and international transfers.
UK GDPR Compliance Guide
Build a UK GDPR compliance programme around processing records, lawful decisions, rights operations, security, incidents, DPIAs, suppliers, and transfers.
UK GDPR Controller and Processor Status Guide
Decide whether each party is a controller, joint controller, or processor under the UK GDPR, then record the role-specific duties, contract terms, and evidence.
UK GDPR Controller or Processor: How to Decide
Decide whether each party is a controller, joint controller, processor, or sub-processor, then record the contracts, responsibilities, and evidence the role requires.
UK GDPR Data Subject Rights Guide
Operate UK GDPR access, rectification, erasure, restriction, portability, objection, and automated-decision rights under the amended Article 12 timing rules.
UK GDPR Deadlines and Compliance Calendar Guide
Track UK GDPR deadlines for rights requests, privacy information, breach notification, DPIAs, and ICO prior consultation, with triggers and exceptions.
UK GDPR DPIA Workflow Guide
Screen UK GDPR processing for likely high risk, complete the required DPIA analysis before processing, reduce risk, and consult the ICO when high residual risk remains.
UK GDPR DPIA: When It Is Required and What to Record
Screen for likely high-risk processing, complete the Article 35 assessment before processing, and consult the ICO if high residual risk remains.
UK GDPR DPIAs and DPOs Guide
Decide when the UK GDPR requires a DPIA or DPO, what each must cover, when to consult the ICO, and what evidence to retain.
UK GDPR DPO: When Appointment Is Mandatory
Apply the three UK GDPR DPO triggers and document expertise, independence, reporting line, resources, tasks, contacts, and conflict controls.
UK GDPR DSAR Workflow Guide
Run a UK subject-access workflow using the current Article 12A clock, reasonable identity and clarification steps, proportionate searches, exemptions, redactions, and response evidence.
UK GDPR IDTA Addendum and Transfer Risk Assessment Guide
Choose the UK IDTA or Addendum, complete the current Article 46 data protection test, add needed measures, and maintain evidence for restricted transfers.
UK GDPR Lawful Bases Guide
Choose among the six familiar Article 6 bases and the UK's recognised legitimate interests basis, then document any Article 9 or 10 condition.
UK GDPR PECR Cookies Guide
UK GDPR and PECR cookie guidance with practical consent, exemption, evidence, and cited implementation decisions.
UK GDPR Penalties and Fines: Maximums and ICO Factors
Understand the UK GDPR £8.7 million or 2% and £17.5 million or 4% fine ceilings, which infringements fall into each band, and how the ICO sets a fine.
UK GDPR Requirements Guide
Map UK GDPR requirements by processing activity, role, lawful basis, data type, risk, rights, suppliers, automated decisions, and transfers.
UK GDPR Transfer Workflow Guide
Apply the UK GDPR restricted-transfer sequence: map the transfer, check Article 45A approval, choose an Article 46 safeguard and assessment, or justify a specific Article 49 derogation.
UK GDPR Transfers, IDTA, and UK Addendum Guide
Decide whether a UK restricted transfer exists, whether adequacy applies, how to use the IDTA or UK Addendum, and how to document the data protection test.
UK GDPR vs Data Protection Act 2018: How They Work Together
See when to use the UK GDPR, when the Data Protection Act 2018 adds a condition or exemption, and which regime covers law enforcement or intelligence processing.
UK GDPR vs EU GDPR: Scope, Regulators and Transfers
Determine whether UK GDPR, EU GDPR, or both apply, then separate representatives, regulators, transfer routes, national law, and post-Brexit UK amendments.
UK IDTA vs EU SCCs: Which Transfer Contract to Use
Choose between the UK IDTA and EU SCCs with the UK Addendum, complete the right documents, and record the separate UK and EU transfer assessments.
UK IDTA, Addendum, and Transfer Risk Assessment Guide
Decide when to use the UK IDTA or Addendum, complete the Article 46 data protection test, add supplementary measures, and keep the transfer under review.
UK vs EU GDPR Differences After the 2025 UK Reforms
Compare current UK and EU rules for recognised legitimate interests, rights requests, access searches, automated decisions, and international transfers.
UK vs EU GDPR Operations: Regulators, Breaches and Transfers
Configure separate UK and EU privacy operations for representatives, regulator contacts, rights requests, breach reporting, transfer tools, and evidence.
When do PECR cookie rules require consent?
Apply the current UK PECR rules to cookies and similar technologies, including consent, five exceptions, UK GDPR overlap, and evidence.