DSA Transparency Reporting by Provider Tier

Start by classifying the service before collecting numbers. The baseline Article 15 report applies to providers of intermediary services unless Article 15(2) excludes a qualifying micro or small provider that is not a VLOP; it is not optional merely because a covered provider reports zero moderation activity. Recommendation 2003/361/EC sets the size tests: fewer than 10 staff and no more than EUR 2 million annual turnover or balance-sheet total for a microenterprise, and fewer than 50 staff and no more than EUR 10 million for a small enterprise, after counting partner and linked enterprises as required. Hosting services then have additional notice-and-action fields, online platforms have additional dispute and misuse-suspension fields, and VLOPs or VLOSEs have enhanced Article 42 reporting.

A useful reporting register should therefore hold one row per service, not one row per legal entity. The row should identify whether the service is an intermediary service, hosting service, online platform, online search engine, VLOP, or VLOSE; whether a micro or small enterprise exclusion is being relied on; the reporting period; the public report URL; and the evidence system that produced each figure.

The Article 15 report is a content-moderation report, so its source data should come from moderation, notice, order, complaint, automation, and policy-enforcement systems rather than from a narrative compliance memo. The implementing regulation makes the report operational by providing templates and requiring public availability no later than two months after the end of the relevant reporting period.

For non-VLOP intermediary, hosting, and online-platform reports, the harmonised yearly reporting period is 1 January through 31 December. The first full annual cycle under the official templates is 1 January through 31 December 2026; the shortened 2025 cycle used transitional instructions, with Annex I required for data from 1 July 2025. For VLOPs and VLOSEs, the first template-based period was 1 July through 31 December 2025, followed by six-month periods of 1 January through 30 June and 1 July through 31 December. The first harmonised reports were published in February 2026. Reports must remain publicly available for at least five years after publication, including updated versions.

Article 24(2) requires covered providers of online platforms and online search engines to publish, for each service, average monthly active recipients in the Union at least every six months. Article 19 can exclude qualifying micro and small online-platform providers from Article 24(2), while expressly retaining Article 24(3). This publication is relevant to possible VLOP or VLOSE designation, but it is not the same deliverable as the annual Article 15 report.

Keep the AMAR calculation evidence separate from the moderation report evidence. The record should show the six-month measurement window, service boundary, inclusion and exclusion logic, data sources, deduplication method, public page URL, publication date, and any response sent to the Digital Services Coordinator of establishment or the Commission if they request updated or substantiating information.

Article 17 requires hosting services to give affected recipients clear and specific statements of reasons when they remove, disable access to, demote, restrict visibility, suspend, terminate, or otherwise restrict monetary payments, or otherwise restrict user-provided information because it is alleged to be illegal or incompatible with terms. Article 24 paragraph 5 (Article 24(5)) then requires online platforms covered by that provision to submit those decisions and statements of reasons to the Commission database without undue delay and without personal data; Article 19 can exclude qualifying micro and small providers from that platform-section duty.

This database obligation should be managed as an event stream, not as an annual report appendix. Moderation systems need enough structured fields to produce the recipient notice, submit the platform statement to the database, suppress personal data from the submission, and reconcile rejected or corrected submissions.

Designated VLOPs and VLOSEs need the baseline reporting evidence, but Article 42 adds evidence that smaller providers do not need to publish in the same way. For VLOPs, the transparency report must specify moderation human resources by EU official language, qualifications and linguistic expertise, training and support, and language-level indicators for automated-means accuracy. VLOPs and VLOSEs also report Member State active-recipient data.

Article 42 also requires designated services to transmit and make public risk assessment, mitigation, audit, and audit implementation reports within the DSA rule structure, subject to the public-report redaction route where publication would disclose confidential information, create significant service-security vulnerabilities, undermine public security, or harm recipients.

Before publishing a DSA transparency report, test whether every public number can be traced back to a service, reporting period, legal field, source system, extraction query, owner approval, and version. The implementing regulation's template should be treated as the report specification, not as a final formatting step.

The highest-risk gaps are mismatched service tiers, annual reports that omit online-platform fields, moderation systems that cannot distinguish law-based actions from terms-based actions, automated-moderation metrics without error or accuracy context, and statement-of-reasons pipelines that lack personal-data controls.