--- title: "EU Data Act Hub: Scope, Data Access, Contracts, and Cloud Switching" canonical_url: "https://www.sorena.io/artifacts/eu/data-act" source_url: "https://www.sorena.io/artifacts/eu/data-act" author: "Sorena AI" description: "This EU Data Act hub helps understand connected-product scope, user and third-party access rights, B2B and B2G data sharing, unfair terms, smart contracts, and cloud switching." published_at: "2026-02-23" updated_at: "2026-05-06" keywords: - "EU Data Act scope" - "Regulation EU 2023/2854" - "connected product data" - "related service data" - "data holder" - "user access" - "third party access" - "B2G exceptional need" - "cloud switching" - "EU Data Act" - "Regulation (EU) 2023/2854" - "Connected products" - "Related services" - "Data access" - "Smart contracts" --- **[SORENA](https://www.sorena.io/)** - AI-Powered GRC Platform [Home](https://www.sorena.io/) | [Solutions](https://www.sorena.io/solutions) | [Artifacts](https://www.sorena.io/artifacts) | [About Us](https://www.sorena.io/about-us) | [Contact](https://www.sorena.io/contact) | [Portal](https://app.sorena.io) --- # EU Data Act Hub: Scope, Data Access, Contracts, and Cloud Switching This EU Data Act hub helps understand connected-product scope, user and third-party access rights, B2B and B2G data sharing, unfair terms, smart contracts, and cloud switching. ![EU Data Act artifact preview](https://cdn.sorena.io/cdn-cgi/image/format=auto/cheatsheets/prod/sorena-ai-data-act-timeline-small.jpg?v=cheatsheets%2Fprod) *EU Data Act* *Free Resource* ## EU Data Act Scope, Data Access, and Switching This hub explains who is in scope of the EU Data Act, what connected-product data must be made available, and which chapter applies to your case. Practical guidance to plan with; validate your product scope, data access and B2B contract terms, and cloud switching duties against the Regulation and your own legal requirements. [Get a Data Act review](/contact.md) ## EU Data Act questions this hub helps resolve - **Connected-product scope**: Separate product data, related service data, readily available data, metadata, and out-of-scope inferred or derived data before building access flows. - **Actor and request mapping**: Identify the user, data holder, data recipient or third party, public-sector requester, cloud customer, provider of data processing services, data-space participant, or smart-contract vendor. - **Contract and switching duties**: Check B2B data-sharing terms, unfair unilaterally imposed clauses, B2G exceptional-need responses, cloud exit clauses, switching charges, and Article 36 smart-contract controls. By Sorena AI | Updated 2026-05 | No signup required ### Quick scan *Data Act* - **Application timeline**: The Regulation applies from 12 September 2025; Article 3(1) design duties apply to connected products and related services placed on the market after 12 September 2026; the cloud switching-charge ban starts 12 January 2027. - **Data access boundary**: Chapter II focuses on raw and pre-processed data from connected products and related services that is readily available to the data holder, including relevant metadata needed to interpret and use it. - **Operational chapters**: The page cluster covers user and third-party access, B2B terms and compensation, B2G exceptional-need requests, cloud switching, data-space interoperability, smart contracts, and enforcement pathways. In plain terms: if you make or use connected products or related services, the Data Act is the law that shifts some control over generated data from the device or service provider to the user, then spells out when that user can share the data, how businesses can pass data on, and how cloud providers must make switching easier. | Value | Metric | | --- | --- | | 2023/2854 | Regulation | | Ch. II | IoT data | | Ch. V | B2G | | Ch. VI | Cloud | **Key highlights:** Classify scope | Map actors | Check contracts ## Primary sources - [Regulation (EU) 2023/2854 (Data Act)](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/2854/oj/eng?ref=sorena.io) - Primary legal text for scope, definitions, user access rights, third-party sharing, B2B terms, B2G exceptional-need requests, cloud switching, smart contracts, enforcement, and application dates. - [European Commission Data Act explained](https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/factpages/data-act-explained?ref=sorena.io) - Commission explanation of connected products and related services, raw and pre-processed data, out-of-scope inferred or derived data, user and third-party access, B2G requests, and cloud switching. - [European Commission Data Act FAQs](https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/redirection/document/108144?ref=sorena.io) - Commission FAQ support for GDPR interaction, data-holder and user roles, data-sharing mechanics, and practical interpretation of Data Act chapters. - [Commission model contractual terms and cloud clauses](https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/draft-recommendation-non-binding-model-contractual-terms-data-access-and-use-and-non-binding?ref=sorena.io) - Supports the hub's contract focus: non-binding model contractual terms for data access and use and standard contractual clauses for cloud computing contracts. - [Data Act source: interoperable-europe.ec.europa.eu](https://interoperable-europe.ec.europa.eu/collection/rolling-plan-ict-standardisation/data-economy-rp-2025?ref=sorena.io) - External source used to ground Data Act content, citations, and implementation guidance. - [Data Act source: ec.europa.eu](https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/documents-register/api/files/C(2025)4135_1/de00000001072897?rendition=false&ref=sorena.io) - External source used to ground Data Act content, citations, and implementation guidance. - [Data Act source: digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu](https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/commission-launches-data-act-legal-helpdesk?ref=sorena.io) - External source used to ground Data Act content, citations, and implementation guidance. - [Data Act source: commission.europa.eu](https://commission.europa.eu/news-and-media/news/data-act-enters-force-what-it-means-you-2024-01-11_en?ref=sorena.io) - External source used to ground Data Act content, citations, and implementation guidance. - [Data Act source: commission.europa.eu](https://commission.europa.eu/law/law-topic/data-protection_en?ref=sorena.io) - External source used to ground Data Act content, citations, and implementation guidance. - [Data Act source: commission.europa.eu](https://commission.europa.eu/topics/business-and-industry/doing-business-eu/contract-rules/digital-contracts/innovative-technologies-and-data-contracts_en?ref=sorena.io) - External source used to ground Data Act content, citations, and implementation guidance. - [Data Act source: www.cencenelec.eu](https://www.cencenelec.eu/news-events/news/2025/brief-news/2025-07-11-data-act-standardization-request/?ref=sorena.io) - External source used to ground Data Act content, citations, and implementation guidance. - [Data Act source: www.europarl.europa.eu](https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-9-2021-0098_EN.pdf?ref=sorena.io) - External source used to ground Data Act content, citations, and implementation guidance. - [Data Act source: data.consilium.europa.eu](https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-15213-2023-INIT/en/pdf?ref=sorena.io) - External source used to ground Data Act content, citations, and implementation guidance. - [Data Act source: data.europa.eu](https://data.europa.eu/en/academy/data-governance-act-implementation?ref=sorena.io) - External source used to ground Data Act content, citations, and implementation guidance. - [Data Act source: op.europa.eu](https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/70d01867-8ce1-11ee-8aa6-01aa75ed71a1/language-en?ref=sorena.io) - External source used to ground Data Act content, citations, and implementation guidance. - [Data Act source: data.europa.eu](https://data.europa.eu/en/ELDS?ref=sorena.io) - External source used to ground Data Act content, citations, and implementation guidance. - [Data Act source: data.europa.eu](https://data.europa.eu/en/PPDS?ref=sorena.io) - External source used to ground Data Act content, citations, and implementation guidance. - [Data Act source: digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu](https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/commission-publishes-frequently-asked-questions-about-data-act?ref=sorena.io) - External source used to ground Data Act content, citations, and implementation guidance. - [Data Act source: digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu](https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/data-act-commission-proposes-measures-fair-and-innovative-data-economy?ref=sorena.io) - External source used to ground Data Act content, citations, and implementation guidance. - [Data Act source: digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu](https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/consultations/data-act-commission-seeks-feedback-draft-guidelines-reasonable-compensation?ref=sorena.io) - External source used to ground Data Act content, citations, and implementation guidance. - [Data Act source: digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu](https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/data-act-factsheet?ref=sorena.io) - External source used to ground Data Act content, citations, and implementation guidance. - [Data Act source: digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu](https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/data-act-legal-helpdesk?ref=sorena.io) - External source used to ground Data Act content, citations, and implementation guidance. - [Data Act source: digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu](https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/data-act-proposal-regulation-harmonised-rules-fair-access-and-use-data?ref=sorena.io) - External source used to ground Data Act content, citations, and implementation guidance. - [Data Act source: digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu](https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/data-act?ref=sorena.io) - External source used to ground Data Act content, citations, and implementation guidance. - [Data Act source: digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu](https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/data-governance-act-explained?ref=sorena.io) - External source used to ground Data Act content, citations, and implementation guidance. - [Data Act source: digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu](https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/eu-data-act-gives-users-control-over-data-connected-devices?ref=sorena.io) - External source used to ground Data Act content, citations, and implementation guidance. - [Data Act source: digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu](https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/european-data-act-enters-force-putting-place-new-rules-fair-and-innovative-data-economy?ref=sorena.io) - External source used to ground Data Act content, citations, and implementation guidance. - [Data Act source: digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu](https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/data-union?ref=sorena.io) - External source used to ground Data Act content, citations, and implementation guidance. - [Data Act source: digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu](https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/experts-say-privately-held-data-available-european-union-should-be-used-better-and-more?ref=sorena.io) - External source used to ground Data Act content, citations, and implementation guidance. - [Data Act source: digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu](https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/guidance-vehicle-data-accompanying-data-act?ref=sorena.io) - External source used to ground Data Act content, citations, and implementation guidance. - [Data Act source: digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu](https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/impact-assessment-report-and-support-studies-accompanying-proposal-data-act?ref=sorena.io) - External source used to ground Data Act content, citations, and implementation guidance. - [Data Act source: digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu](https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/second-staff-working-document-data-spaces?ref=sorena.io) - External source used to ground Data Act content, citations, and implementation guidance. - [Data Act source: digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu](https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/staff-working-document-data-spaces?ref=sorena.io) - External source used to ground Data Act content, citations, and implementation guidance. - [Data Act source: ec.europa.eu](https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_23_3491?ref=sorena.io) - External source used to ground Data Act content, citations, and implementation guidance. - [Data Act source: ec.europa.eu](https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_25_2078?ref=sorena.io) - External source used to ground Data Act content, citations, and implementation guidance. - [Data Act source: ec.europa.eu](https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_20_273?ref=sorena.io) - External source used to ground Data Act content, citations, and implementation guidance. - [Data Act source: ec.europa.eu](https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/qanda_20_264?ref=sorena.io) - External source used to ground Data Act content, citations, and implementation guidance. - [Data Act source: eur-lex.europa.eu](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=OJ%3AC_202601695&ref=sorena.io) - External source used to ground Data Act content, citations, and implementation guidance. - [Data Act source: eur-lex.europa.eu](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX%3A52022PC0068&ref=sorena.io) - External source used to ground Data Act content, citations, and implementation guidance. - [Data Act source: eur-lex.europa.eu](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX%3A52025DC0835&ref=sorena.io) - External source used to ground Data Act content, citations, and implementation guidance. - [Data Act source: eur-lex.europa.eu](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX%3A52022AB0030&ref=sorena.io) - External source used to ground Data Act content, citations, and implementation guidance. - [Data Act source: eur-lex.europa.eu](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/C/2025/5026/oj/eng?ref=sorena.io) - External source used to ground Data Act content, citations, and implementation guidance. - [Data Act source: eur-lex.europa.eu](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/EN/legal-content/summary/rules-on-fair-access-to-and-use-of-data-data-act.html?ref=sorena.io) - External source used to ground Data Act content, citations, and implementation guidance. ## Topic Guides - [Data Act and Common European Data Spaces](/artifacts/eu/data-act/data-act-and-common-european-data-spaces.md): How Data Act Article 33 connects data-space participation with metadata, vocabularies, APIs, access terms, data quality, governance, and standards monitoring. - [Data Act and Data Governance Act Overlap FAQ](/artifacts/eu/data-act/faq/data-governance-act-overlap.md): FAQ explaining where the EU Data Act and Data Governance Act overlap, how they differ, and how to route product, cloud, public-sector reuse, intermediary, and data altruism workflows. - [Data Act and GDPR Personal Data Overlap FAQ](/artifacts/eu/data-act/faq/gdpr-personal-data-overlap.md): FAQ on how the EU Data Act works when connected-product or related-service data includes personal data, mixed datasets, GDPR roles, lawful basis, trade secrets, and third-party sharing. - [Data Act Audit Evidence and Request Logs FAQ](/artifacts/eu/data-act/faq/audit-evidence-and-request-logs.md): FAQ for Data Act request logs covering user and third-party access, B2G exceptional need requests, cloud switching records, contract terms, trade secrets, and GDPR boundaries. - [Data Act B2B Data-Sharing Contract Clauses](/artifacts/eu/data-act/b2b-data-sharing-contract-clauses.md): Clause guide for EU Data Act B2B data sharing: FRAND terms, compensation, trade secret safeguards, recipient limits, termination, logs, and GDPR boundaries. - [Data Act B2B Data-Sharing Contract Template](/artifacts/eu/data-act/b2b-data-sharing-contract-template.md): A usable EU Data Act B2B data-sharing template outline covering access requests, data schedules, permitted use, trade secrets, security, compensation, GDPR boundaries, audit records, and termination. - [Data Act B2G Exceptional-Need Requests](/artifacts/eu/data-act/b2g-exceptional-need-requests.md): An official source guide to EU Data Act Chapter V requests from public bodies: exceptional need, public emergencies, request contents, limits, safeguards, costs, and records. - [Data Act Cloud Switching Compliance Checklist](/artifacts/eu/data-act/cloud-switching-compliance-checklist.md): A cited EU Data Act checklist for cloud and data processing service providers covering switching clauses, notices, export formats, charges, interoperability, and evidence. - [Data Act Cloud Switching Contract Terms FAQ](/artifacts/eu/data-act/faq/cloud-switching-contract-terms.md): FAQ on EU Data Act cloud switching contract terms: Article 25 clauses, assistance, notice, transition, charges, export, termination, interoperability, and records. - [Data Act Cloud Switching Fees and Deadlines FAQ](/artifacts/eu/data-act/faq/cloud-switching-fees-and-deadlines.md): FAQ on EU Data Act cloud switching charges, 2027 fee removal, notice periods, transition windows, data retrieval, contract terms, and evidence records. - [Data Act Complaints and Dispute Settlement FAQ](/artifacts/eu/data-act/faq/complaints-and-dispute-settlement.md): FAQ on EU Data Act complaints, competent authorities, dispute settlement bodies, B2B data-sharing disputes, B2G requests, cloud switching disputes, and evidence records. - [Data Act Exportable Data and Metadata FAQ](/artifacts/eu/data-act/faq/exportable-data-and-metadata.md): FAQ explaining which product, related service, metadata, and cloud switching data must be exportable under the EU Data Act, and which data can be excluded. - [Data Act FAQ for Aftermarket Repair and Mobility Services](/artifacts/eu/data-act/faq/aftermarket-repair-and-mobility-services.md): FAQ on EU Data Act vehicle-data access for repairers, independent service providers, fleets, insurers, and mobility services. - [Data Act Functional Equivalence FAQ](/artifacts/eu/data-act/faq/functional-equivalence.md): FAQ on Data Act functional equivalence for cloud switching: IaaS scope, customer outcomes, export support, interoperability duties, limits, and evidence. - [Data Act Indirect Access Request Flows FAQ](/artifacts/eu/data-act/faq/indirect-access-request-flows.md): FAQ for Data Act teams handling user and third-party data requests when direct connected-product access is unavailable, incomplete, or limited. - [Data Act International Government Access FAQ](/artifacts/eu/data-act/faq/international-government-access.md): FAQ on EU Data Act safeguards for non-EU government access to non-personal data held in the Union by data processing service providers. - [Data Act Interoperability Standards FAQ](/artifacts/eu/data-act/faq/interoperability-standards.md): FAQ on EU Data Act interoperability standards for data spaces, cloud switching, smart contracts, harmonised standards, common specifications, and M/614. - [Data Act Model Contractual Terms FAQ](/artifacts/eu/data-act/faq/model-contractual-terms.md): FAQ on the EU Data Act non-binding model contractual terms for data access and use, cloud switching clauses, B2B use, unfair terms, and evidence. - [Data Act Public Emergency Requests FAQ](/artifacts/eu/data-act/faq/public-emergency-requests.md): FAQ on EU Data Act public emergency requests: exceptional need, request content, timing, data holder response, compensation, confidentiality, and records. - [Data Act Smart Contracts for Data Sharing](/artifacts/eu/data-act/smart-contracts-for-data-sharing.md): Data Act Article 36 smart contract guide for data-sharing agreements: scope, robustness, access control, termination, interruption, archiving, standards status, and conformity evidence. - [Data Act SME Exceptions and Startups FAQ](/artifacts/eu/data-act/faq/sme-exceptions-and-startups.md): FAQ on where the EU Data Act gives micro, small, medium-sized, startup, and SME actors narrower treatment for access duties, compensation, and B2B terms. - [Data Act Trade Secret Technical Protection Measures FAQ](/artifacts/eu/data-act/faq/trade-secret-technical-protection-measures.md): FAQ on how EU Data Act data holders can protect trade secrets with confidentiality safeguards, technical measures, limited withholding, suspension, refusal, and evidence. - [Data Act Trade Secrets and Protection Measures](/artifacts/eu/data-act/trade-secrets-and-protection.md): Data Act guide for protecting trade secrets during access and sharing: classification, safeguards, refusal thresholds, notices, evidence records, and reviews. - [Data Act Unfair Contractual Terms | Article 13 B2B Contract Review](/artifacts/eu/data-act/unfair-contractual-terms.md): Review B2B data-sharing clauses under EU Data Act Article 13: unilateral terms, always unfair examples, presumed unfair terms, model clauses, evidence, and remediation. - [Data Act Vehicle Data Guidance](/artifacts/eu/data-act/vehicle-data-guidance.md): Commission-cited guide to Data Act vehicle data access: connected vehicles, vehicle-related services, raw and pre-processed data, aftermarket use cases, access routes, safeguards, and GDPR boundaries. - [Data Act vs GDPR: connected-product data access](/artifacts/eu/data-act/data-act-vs-gdpr.md): Compare EU Data Act connected-product access duties with GDPR personal-data rules: scope, roles, lawful basis, data subject rights, third-party sharing, trade secrets, and conflicts. - [EU Data Act and Common European Data Spaces FAQ](/artifacts/eu/data-act/faq/data-act-and-common-european-data-spaces.md): FAQ on how EU Data Act interoperability duties, Data Governance Act rules, and sector data-space governance fit together without treating participation as a general obligation. - [EU Data Act Applicability Test](/artifacts/eu/data-act/applicability-test.md): Check whether a product, related service, data holder, cloud service, data-space role, smart contract, or B2G request is in scope of the EU Data Act. - [EU Data Act Application Dates and Transition FAQ](/artifacts/eu/data-act/faq/application-dates-and-transition.md): FAQ on when the EU Data Act applies, which obligations are delayed, and what product, contract, cloud, and evidence records teams should maintain. - [EU Data Act Article 3 Pre-Contract Information](/artifacts/eu/data-act/pre-contractual-information-obligations.md): What Article 3 of the EU Data Act requires before connected-product purchase, rent, lease, or related-service contracting: data categories, access, data holder identity, third-party sharing, complaints, and evidence. - [EU Data Act Article 36 Smart Contract Controls FAQ](/artifacts/eu/data-act/faq/article-36-smart-contract-controls.md): FAQ explaining when EU Data Act Article 36 applies to smart contracts for data-sharing agreements and what controls, conformity evidence, and limits it requires. - [EU Data Act B2B Data Sharing Compensation FAQ](/artifacts/eu/data-act/faq/compensation-for-b2b-data-sharing.md): FAQ on when Data Act data holders may charge B2B data recipients, what reasonable compensation can include, SME limits, unfair terms, disputes, and trade secret safeguards. - [EU Data Act B2G Compensation and Costs FAQ](/artifacts/eu/data-act/faq/b2g-compensation-and-costs.md): FAQ on when Data Act B2G exceptional-need requests are free, when fair compensation may be claimed, which costs can be included, and what records to keep. - [EU Data Act B2G Exceptional Need FAQ](/artifacts/eu/data-act/faq/b2g-exceptional-need.md): When public-sector bodies can request business-held data under the EU Data Act, what a valid request must contain, and how data holders handle limits, trade secrets, compensation, and evidence. - [EU Data Act Checklist for Product, Cloud, and Contract Teams](/artifacts/eu/data-act/checklist.md): A cited EU Data Act checklist for connected-product data access, third-party sharing, B2G requests, cloud switching, unfair terms, smart contracts, personal data boundaries, evidence, and owners. - [EU Data Act Cloud Switching and Exit Plans](/artifacts/eu/data-act/cloud-switching-and-exit-plans.md): A cited EU Data Act guide for data processing service exit plans: switching contracts, exportable data, assistance, charges, interoperability, retrieval, erasure, and records. - [EU Data Act Cloud Switching Procurement FAQ](/artifacts/eu/data-act/faq/cloud-switching-procurement-checklist.md): Procurement checklist FAQ for EU Data Act cloud switching: contract terms, exit support, exportable data, switching charges, interoperability, termination, and supplier evidence. - [EU Data Act Compliance Program](/artifacts/eu/data-act/compliance.md): Build a Data Act compliance program for connected-product data access, contracts, B2G requests, cloud switching, smart contracts, GDPR boundaries, records, and ownership. - [EU Data Act Connected Product Scope and Data Types](/artifacts/eu/data-act/scope-connected-products-and-data-types.md): Classify EU Data Act connected products, related services, product data, related-service data, readily available data, metadata, and excluded derived outputs. - [EU Data Act Connected Product Scope FAQ](/artifacts/eu/data-act/faq/scope-connected-products.md): FAQ explaining when connected products, related services, generated data, EU market placement, and SME exceptions fall within EU Data Act scope. - [EU Data Act Data Processing Service Switching](/artifacts/eu/data-act/data-processing-services-switching.md): A cited EU Data Act guide for provider and customer switching duties: exit assistance, exportable data, contract clauses, charges, interoperability, retrieval, and erasure. - [EU Data Act data spaces interoperability FAQ](/artifacts/eu/data-act/faq/data-spaces-interoperability.md): FAQ explaining Article 33 Data Act interoperability requirements for data-space participants, common European data spaces, standards, APIs, metadata, and architecture evidence. - [EU Data Act deadlines and compliance calendar](/artifacts/eu/data-act/deadlines-and-compliance-calendar.md): A cited calendar for EU Data Act application dates, product design timing, contract remediation, cloud switching charges, response periods, standards work, and evidence records. - [EU Data Act Direct Access by Design FAQ](/artifacts/eu/data-act/faq/direct-access-by-design.md): FAQ for product and legal teams designing user access to connected-product and related-service data under the EU Data Act. - [EU Data Act Enforcement and Competent Authorities FAQ](/artifacts/eu/data-act/faq/enforcement-and-competent-authorities.md): FAQ on who enforces the EU Data Act, how complaints work, how Member States set penalties, when dispute settlement can be used, and when GDPR authorities remain responsible. - [EU Data Act FAQ: scope, access rights, B2G, cloud switching, GDPR, and dates](/artifacts/eu/data-act/faq.md): Official source EU Data Act FAQ index covering connected-product data access, third-party sharing, B2G exceptional need, cloud switching, smart contracts, GDPR boundaries, unfair terms, trade secrets, and application dates. - [EU Data Act Non-Emergency Public-Sector Requests FAQ](/artifacts/eu/data-act/faq/non-emergency-public-sector-requests.md): FAQ on EU Data Act requests where a public body claims exceptional need outside a public emergency, including scope, request contents, limits, compensation, confidentiality, and evidence. - [EU Data Act Non-Personal Data and Mixed Datasets FAQ](/artifacts/eu/data-act/faq/non-personal-data-and-mixed-datasets.md): FAQ on how the EU Data Act treats non-personal data, mixed datasets, GDPR precedence, user and third-party access, trade-secret limits, and evidence records. - [EU Data Act Penalties and Enforcement](/artifacts/eu/data-act/penalties-and-fines.md): Official source guide to Data Act penalties under Article 40, Member State enforcement, penalty factors, complaints, judicial remedies, and the GDPR enforcement boundary. - [EU Data Act Pre-Contractual Information FAQ](/artifacts/eu/data-act/faq/pre-contractual-information.md): FAQ on EU Data Act Article 3 pre-contract information for connected products and related services, including data categories, access methods, data holder identity, third-party sharing, and GDPR boundaries. - [EU Data Act Product Data vs Related Service Data FAQ](/artifacts/eu/data-act/faq/product-data-and-service-data.md): FAQ explaining how the EU Data Act separates connected product data, related service data, readily available raw and pre-processed data, metadata, and inferred or derived outputs. - [EU Data Act Readily Available Data FAQ](/artifacts/eu/data-act/faq/readily-available-data.md): FAQ on what counts as readily available data under the EU Data Act, including product data, related service data, metadata, inferred data, and access mechanics. - [EU Data Act Related Services FAQ](/artifacts/eu/data-act/faq/related-services.md): FAQ explaining when software is a Data Act related service, how it links to connected products, which product and service data are in scope, and what exclusions apply. - [EU Data Act requirements](/artifacts/eu/data-act/requirements.md): Official source EU Data Act requirements for connected-product data access, B2B sharing terms, B2G exceptional needs, cloud switching, smart contracts, interoperability, GDPR boundaries, and records. - [EU Data Act Smart Contracts for Data Sharing FAQ](/artifacts/eu/data-act/faq/smart-contracts-for-data-sharing.md): Answers on Article 36 Data Act smart-contract requirements for data sharing: scope, robustness, access control, termination, archiving, conformity assessment, contract terms, and standards status. - [EU Data Act Third-Party Data Sharing FAQ](/artifacts/eu/data-act/faq/third-party-data-sharing.md): FAQ on user-directed third-party data sharing under the EU Data Act, covering data holder duties, recipient limits, trade secrets, security, GDPR, and gatekeepers. - [EU Data Act Trade Secret Safeguards FAQ](/artifacts/eu/data-act/faq/trade-secrets-safeguards.md): FAQ on protecting trade secrets when handling EU Data Act user and third-party data access requests, including safeguards, withholding, suspension, refusal, notices, and records. - [EU Data Act Unfair Contractual Terms FAQ](/artifacts/eu/data-act/faq/unfair-contractual-terms.md): FAQ on Article 13 of the EU Data Act: B2B unfair contract terms, unilateral take-it-or-leave-it clauses, always-unfair terms, presumed-unfair terms, SMEs, model terms, and review evidence. - [EU Data Act User Access and Portability Rights](/artifacts/eu/data-act/access-rights-and-portability.md): Practical guide to EU Data Act user access, connected-product data portability, third-party sharing, trade secret safeguards, and the GDPR boundary. - [EU Data Act Users, Data Holders, and Recipients FAQ](/artifacts/eu/data-act/faq/users-data-holders-and-recipients.md): FAQ explaining Data Act users, data holders, data recipients, connected products, related services, user access, third-party limits, and GDPR boundaries. - [EU Data Act Vehicle Data Guidance FAQ](/artifacts/eu/data-act/faq/vehicle-data-guidance.md): FAQ on EU Data Act vehicle data guidance for connected vehicles, aftermarket repair, mobility services, third-party access, trade secrets, security, and GDPR boundaries. - [EU Data Act vs Data Governance Act](/artifacts/eu/data-act/data-act-vs-data-governance-act.md): Compare the EU Data Act with the Data Governance Act: connected-product access, cloud switching, B2B/B2G duties, protected public-sector reuse, intermediaries, altruism, governance, and enforcement. ## Key dates for EU Data Act application *Data Act Timeline* Track the Regulation's entry into force, general application date, Article 3(1) connected-product design date, Chapter IV contract transition, and the cloud switching-charge phase-out. *Next step* ## Turn EU Data Act scope into owned implementation work This hub is the shared starting point for product, legal, data, procurement, cloud, and public-sector request teams. Confirm the factual boundary first, then assign the Data Act chapter, request path, contract update, technical control, and retained record. - Start with one product, related service, dataset, B2B clause, public-sector request, cloud contract, data-space integration, or smart-contract deployment. - Use Research Copilot for cited answers about scope, actor roles, application dates, Chapter II user access, Chapter V exceptional need, Chapter VI switching, and Article 36 smart contracts. - Use SSOT to retain source links, request logs, contract positions, trade-secret measures, security restrictions, cloud exit records, and authority communications in one governed file. - Keep unresolved interpretation questions separate from confirmed implementation tasks so product and contract teams do not treat assumptions as obligations. - [Open Research Copilot](/solutions/research-copilot.md): Answer EU Data Act scope, role, timing, contract, B2G, cloud switching, and smart-contract questions with cited outputs. - [Open SSOT](/solutions/ssot.md): Keep Data Act sources, product facts, request records, contract evidence, cloud exit plans, and approvals connected. - **Download timeline**: Align Data Act application dates with product releases, contract renewals, and cloud switching milestones. - [Talk through implementation](/contact.md): Review your connected-product, B2B sharing, B2G request, cloud switching, and evidence model. ## Compliance Timeline | Date | Event | Category | Reference | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2020-02-19 | European data strategy announced | Legislative History | [Source](https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_20_273?ref=sorena.io) | | 2021-03-25 | Parliament urges a Data Act | Legislative History | [Source](https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-9-2021-0098_EN.pdf?ref=sorena.io) | | 2021-05-28 | Inception impact assessment opened | Legislative History | [Source](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX%3A52022PC0068&ref=sorena.io) | | 2021-06-03 | Public consultation on the Data Act | Legislative History | [Source](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX%3A52022PC0068&ref=sorena.io) | | 2021-09-29 | Impact assessment submitted to RSB | Legislative History | [Source](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX%3A52022PC0068&ref=sorena.io) | | 2021-12-13 | Revised impact assessment submitted to RSB | Legislative History | [Source](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX%3A52022PC0068&ref=sorena.io) | | 2022-01-21 | Regulatory Scrutiny Board positive opinion | Legislative History | [Source](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX%3A52022PC0068&ref=sorena.io) | | 2022-02-14 | Impact assessment package published | Legislative History | [Source](https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/impact-assessment-report-and-support-studies-accompanying-proposal-data-act?ref=sorena.io) | | 2022-02-23 | Commission proposal published | Legislative History | [Source](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX%3A52022PC0068&ref=sorena.io) | | 2022-05-04 | EDPB and EDPS joint opinion | Legislative History | [Source](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/2854/oj/eng?ref=sorena.io) | | 2022-06-15 | European Economic and Social Committee opinion | Legislative History | [Source](https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-15213-2023-INIT/en/pdf?ref=sorena.io) | | 2022-06-30 | Committee of the Regions opinion | Legislative History | [Source](https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-15213-2023-INIT/en/pdf?ref=sorena.io) | | 2022-09-05 | European Central Bank opinion | Legislative History | [Source](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX%3A52022AB0030&ref=sorena.io) | | 2023-02-09 | Parliament ITRE report adopted | Legislative History | [Source](https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-a-europe-fit-for-the-digital-age/file-data-act?ref=sorena.io) | | 2023-03-14 | Parliament negotiating mandate adopted | Legislative History | [Source](https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20230310IPR77226/data-act-meps-back-new-rules-for-fair-access-to-and-use-of-industrial-data?ref=sorena.io) | | 2023-03-24 | Council general approach agreed | Legislative History | [Source](https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2023/03/24/data-act-member-states-agree-common-position-on-fair-access-to-and-use-of-data/?ref=sorena.io) | | 2023-06-27 | Political agreement reached | Legislative History | [Source](https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2023/06/27/data-act-council-and-parliament-strike-a-deal-on-fair-access-to-and-use-of-data/?ref=sorena.io) | | 2023-07-14 | Council undertaking letter | Legislative History | [Source](https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-15213-2023-INIT/en/pdf?ref=sorena.io) | | 2023-11-09 | European Parliament position adopted | Legislative History | [Source](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/2854/oj/eng?ref=sorena.io) | | 2023-11-27 | Council decision adopted | Legislative History | [Source](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/2854/oj/eng?ref=sorena.io) | | 2023-12-13 | Regulation adopted (Data Act) | Legislative History | [Source](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/2854/oj/eng?ref=sorena.io) | | 2023-12-22 | Data Act published in the Official Journal | Official Publication | [Source](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/2854/oj/eng?ref=sorena.io) | | 2024-01-11 | Data Act enters into force | Official Publication | [Art. 50](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/2854/oj/eng?ref=sorena.io) | | 2024-01-11 | Reduced switching charges period | Cloud Switching | [Art. 29(2)](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/2854/oj/eng?ref=sorena.io) | | 2024-01-11 | Data Act delegated powers conferred on the Commission | Commission Deliverables | [Art. 45(2), 45(6)](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/2854/oj/eng?ref=sorena.io) | | 2024-01-11 | Other EU data-sharing law alignment window | Applicability | [Art. 44(1)](https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/commission-publishes-frequently-asked-questions-about-data-act?ref=sorena.io) | | 2024-09-06 | Data Act FAQs published (v1.0) | Commission Deliverables | [Source](https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/commission-publishes-frequently-asked-questions-about-data-act?ref=sorena.io) | | 2024-09-13 | Data Act FAQs updated (v1.1) | Commission Deliverables | [Source](https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/commission-publishes-frequently-asked-questions-about-data-act?ref=sorena.io) | | 2024-12-09 | Data Act Official Journal corrigendum published | Official Publication | [Source](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ%3AL_202490790&ref=sorena.io) | | 2025-02-03 | Data Act FAQs updated (v1.2) | Commission Deliverables | [Source](https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/commission-publishes-frequently-asked-questions-about-data-act?ref=sorena.io) | | 2025-07-01 | Commission standardisation request (European Trusted Data Framework) | Standardisation | [Art. 33; Mandate M/614](https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/documents-register/api/files/C(2025)4135_1/de00000001072897?rendition=false&ref=sorena.io) | | 2025-07-07 | CEN and CENELEC accept Mandate M/614 | Standardisation | [Art. 33; Mandate M/614](https://www.cencenelec.eu/news-events/news/2025/brief-news/2025-07-11-data-act-standardization-request/?ref=sorena.io) | | 2025-09-12 | Data Act applies | Applicability | [Art. 50](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/2854/oj/eng?ref=sorena.io) | | 2025-09-12 | Chapter II access and data-use scope starts | Applicability | [Ch. II; Arts. 3-5; Art. 4(13)](https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/commission-publishes-frequently-asked-questions-about-data-act?ref=sorena.io) | | 2025-09-12 | Chapter III and IV transition rules start | Applicability | [Art. 50](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/2854/oj/eng?ref=sorena.io) | | 2025-09-12 | Member States notify penalty rules | Member State Duties | [Art. 40(2)](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/2854/oj/eng?ref=sorena.io) | | 2025-09-12 | Article 41 pre-application deadline boundary | Commission Deliverables | [Art. 41](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/2854/oj/eng?ref=sorena.io) | | 2025-09-12 | Data Act FAQs updated (v1.3) | Commission Deliverables | [Source](https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/commission-publishes-frequently-asked-questions-about-data-act?ref=sorena.io) | | 2025-09-12 | Vehicle-data guidance page published | Commission Deliverables | [Ch. II](https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/guidance-vehicle-data-accompanying-data-act?ref=sorena.io) | | 2025-09-12 | Cloud switching process clocks apply | Cloud Switching | [Art. 25](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/2854/oj/eng?ref=sorena.io) | | 2025-09-12 | B2G exceptional-need response clocks apply | Applicability | [Art. 18(2)](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/2854/oj/eng?ref=sorena.io) | | 2025-09-12 | Interoperability repository mechanism applies | Cloud Switching | [Arts. 30(3), 35(8)](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/2854/oj/eng?ref=sorena.io) | | 2025-09-12 | Smart-contract requirements apply | Applicability | [Art. 36](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/2854/oj/eng?ref=sorena.io) | | 2025-09-15 | Vehicle-data guidance published in the Official Journal | Commission Deliverables | [Source](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/C/2025/5026/oj/eng?ref=sorena.io) | | 2025-11-19 | Model terms and cloud clauses published | Commission Deliverables | [Art. 41](https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/draft-recommendation-non-binding-model-contractual-terms-data-access-and-use-and-non-binding?ref=sorena.io) | | 2025-11-19 | Data Union Strategy frames Data Act support package | Commission Deliverables | [Source](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX%3A52025DC0835&ref=sorena.io) | | 2025-12-16 | Data Act Legal Helpdesk launched | Commission Deliverables | [Source](https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/commission-launches-data-act-legal-helpdesk?ref=sorena.io) | | 2026-01-22 | Data Act FAQs updated (v1.4) | Commission Deliverables | [Source](https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/commission-publishes-frequently-asked-questions-about-data-act?ref=sorena.io) | | 2026-01-30 | Data Act reasonable-compensation guidelines consultation | Commission Deliverables | [Art. 9](https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/consultations/data-act-commission-seeks-feedback-draft-guidelines-reasonable-compensation?ref=sorena.io) | | 2026-03-01 | Data catalogue technical specification deadline | Standardisation | [Art. 33; Mandate M/614](https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/documents-register/api/files/C(2025)4135_1/de00000001072897?rendition=false&ref=sorena.io) | | 2026-03-19 | 2026 Union standardisation work programme published | Standardisation | [Arts. 30, 35; Art. 33](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=OJ%3AC_202601695&ref=sorena.io) | | 2026-06-01 | Trusted Data Transactions Part 1 deadline | Standardisation | [Art. 33; Mandate M/614](https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/documents-register/api/files/C(2025)4135_1/de00000001072897?rendition=false&ref=sorena.io) | | 2026-09-01 | Semantic assets technical specification deadline | Standardisation | [Art. 33; Mandate M/614](https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/documents-register/api/files/C(2025)4135_1/de00000001072897?rendition=false&ref=sorena.io) | | 2026-09-01 | Common European Data Spaces maturity model deadline | Standardisation | [Art. 33; Mandate M/614](https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/documents-register/api/files/C(2025)4135_1/de00000001072897?rendition=false&ref=sorena.io) | | 2026-09-12 | Connected product access-by-design obligations | Applicability | [Art. 3(1), Art. 50](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/2854/oj/eng?ref=sorena.io) | | 2026-11-01 | Trusted Data Transactions Part 2 deadline | Standardisation | [Art. 33; Mandate M/614](https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/documents-register/api/files/C(2025)4135_1/de00000001072897?rendition=false&ref=sorena.io) | | 2027-01-12 | Switching charges prohibited | Cloud Switching | [Art. 29(1)](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/2854/oj/eng?ref=sorena.io) | | 2027-03-01 | Internal data governance quality framework deadline | Standardisation | [Art. 33; Mandate M/614](https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/documents-register/api/files/C(2025)4135_1/de00000001072897?rendition=false&ref=sorena.io) | | 2027-05-01 | Trusted Data Transactions Part 3 deadline | Standardisation | [Art. 33; Mandate M/614](https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/documents-register/api/files/C(2025)4135_1/de00000001072897?rendition=false&ref=sorena.io) | | 2027-09-12 | Chapter IV extends to older contracts | Applicability | [Art. 50](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/2854/oj/eng?ref=sorena.io) | | 2028-09-12 | Commission evaluation reports due | Commission Deliverables | [Art. 49(1), 49(2)](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/2854/oj/eng?ref=sorena.io) | **Event details:** - **2020-02-19 - European data strategy announced**: The Commission announces the European data strategy, the policy programme that later leads to the Data Governance Act, Data Act, data spaces work, and the EU single market for data. - **2021-03-25 - Parliament urges a Data Act**: The European Parliament resolution on a European strategy for data urges the Commission to present a Data Act to encourage greater and fairer data flows across B2B, B2G, G2B and G2G settings. - **2021-05-28 - Inception impact assessment opened**: The Data Act proposal records that an Inception Impact Assessment was published on the Better Regulation portal on 28 May 2021 and left open for feedback for four weeks. - **2021-06-03 - Public consultation on the Data Act**: The Commission runs the Data Act public online consultation from 3 June 2021 to 3 September 2021, covering B2B, B2G, consumer empowerment, cloud switching, database rights, smart contracts, and international safeguards. - **2021-09-29 - Impact assessment submitted to RSB**: The Data Act proposal records that the impact assessment was submitted to the Regulatory Scrutiny Board on 29 September 2021, before a later revised submission. - **2021-12-13 - Revised impact assessment submitted to RSB**: The Data Act proposal records a second impact-assessment submission to the Regulatory Scrutiny Board on 13 December 2021, preceding the Board's positive opinion with reservations. - **2022-01-21 - Regulatory Scrutiny Board positive opinion**: The Data Act proposal records that the Regulatory Scrutiny Board issued a positive opinion subject to reservations on 21 January 2022 after two impact-assessment submissions. - **2022-02-14 - Impact assessment package published**: The Commission publishes the impact assessment report, executive summary, Regulatory Scrutiny Board opinion, and support studies accompanying the Data Act proposal. - **2022-02-23 - Commission proposal published**: The Commission publishes COM(2022) 68 final, the proposal for a Regulation on harmonised rules on fair access to and use of data (Data Act). - **2022-05-04 - EDPB and EDPS joint opinion**: The final Regulation records that the European Data Protection Board and European Data Protection Supervisor delivered Joint Opinion 2/2022 on the Data Act proposal on 4 May 2022. - **2022-06-15 - European Economic and Social Committee opinion**: The Parliament legislative text cites the European Economic and Social Committee opinion of 15 June 2022 in the Data Act legislative file. - **2022-06-30 - Committee of the Regions opinion**: The Parliament legislative text cites the Committee of the Regions opinion of 30 June 2022 in the Data Act legislative file. - **2022-09-05 - European Central Bank opinion**: The European Central Bank adopts its opinion on the Data Act proposal on 5 September 2022; the opinion is later published in the Official Journal on 19 October 2022. - **2023-02-09 - Parliament ITRE report adopted**: The European Parliament ITRE committee adopts its Data Act report, moving the file toward plenary negotiating-mandate approval. - **2023-03-14 - Parliament negotiating mandate adopted**: The European Parliament adopts its negotiating mandate on the Data Act before trilogue negotiations with the Council. - **2023-03-24 - Council general approach agreed**: Member States agree the Council common position on fair access to and use of data under the proposed Data Act. - **2023-06-27 - Political agreement reached**: The Council and Parliament reach a provisional political agreement on the Data Act; the Commission press release welcoming the agreement is dated 28 June 2023. - **2023-07-14 - Council undertaking letter**: The Parliament legislative text records the Council representative's 14 July 2023 undertaking to approve Parliament's position, clearing the path for adoption under the ordinary legislative procedure. - **2023-11-09 - European Parliament position adopted**: The Regulation records the European Parliament position of 9 November 2023 in the legislative history footnote. - **2023-11-27 - Council decision adopted**: The Regulation records the Council decision of 27 November 2023 in the legislative history footnote. - **2023-12-13 - Regulation adopted (Data Act)**: Regulation (EU) 2023/2854 is adopted and signed in Strasbourg. - **2023-12-22 - Data Act published in the Official Journal**: Regulation (EU) 2023/2854 is published in the Official Journal (OJ L, 2023/2854, 22.12.2023). - **2024-01-11 - Data Act enters into force**: The Data Act enters into force on the twentieth day following publication in the Official Journal. - **2024-01-11 - Reduced switching charges period**: From 11 January 2024 to 12 January 2027, providers of data processing services may impose only reduced switching charges for the switching process. - **2024-01-11 - Data Act delegated powers conferred on the Commission**: The Commission receives delegated powers for an indeterminate period from 11 January 2024; delegated acts are subject to a three-month Parliament/Council objection period, extendable by three months. - **2024-01-11 - Other EU data-sharing law alignment window**: Union data-sharing obligations in force on or before 11 January 2024 remain unaffected; for Union data rules entering into force between 11 January 2024 and 12 September 2025, the Commission FAQ explains that best efforts should be made to align them with the Data Act. - **2024-09-06 - Data Act FAQs published (v1.0)**: The Commission publishes Frequently Asked Questions about the Data Act to support implementation; the FAQ version history records version 1.0 on 6 September 2024. - **2024-09-13 - Data Act FAQs updated (v1.1)**: The Commission FAQ version history records Data Act FAQ version 1.1 on 13 September 2024. - **2024-12-09 - Data Act Official Journal corrigendum published**: A corrigendum to Regulation (EU) 2023/2854 is published in the Official Journal; the timeline note records it as an editorial numbering correction with no substantive obligation change. - **2025-02-03 - Data Act FAQs updated (v1.2)**: The Commission FAQ version history records Data Act FAQ version 1.2 on 3 February 2025. - **2025-07-01 - Commission standardisation request (European Trusted Data Framework)**: Commission Implementing Decision C(2025) 4135 issues Mandate M/614 to CEN, CENELEC and ETSI for European Trusted Data Framework deliverables supporting Data Act Article 33. - **2025-07-07 - CEN and CENELEC accept Mandate M/614**: CEN and CENELEC accept the Commission standardisation request on the European Trusted Data Framework; the public acceptance notice is posted on 11 July 2025. - **2025-09-12 - Data Act applies**: The Data Act applies from 12 September 2025, making the main access, use, B2G, cloud switching, interoperability, smart-contract, database-right, enforcement, and transitional rules operational unless a provision has a different timing rule. - **2025-09-12 - Chapter II access and data-use scope starts**: Commission FAQs explain that Chapter II covers only data generated or collected after the Data Act enters into application, that access can be direct or indirect, and that data holders need a contract with users to use readily available data from 12 September 2025. - **2025-09-12 - Chapter III and IV transition rules start**: Chapter III applies to data-availability obligations under Union or national law that enter into force after 12 September 2025, and Chapter IV applies to data-sharing contracts concluded after 12 September 2025. - **2025-09-12 - Member States notify penalty rules**: Member States must notify the Commission of penalties rules and measures by 12 September 2025 and notify later amendments without delay. - **2025-09-12 - Article 41 pre-application deadline boundary**: Article 41 requires the Commission, before 12 September 2025, to develop and recommend non-binding model contractual terms on data access and use and non-binding standard contractual clauses for cloud computing contracts; the later publication event records the actual 19 November 2025 publication. - **2025-09-12 - Data Act FAQs updated (v1.3)**: The Commission FAQ version history records Data Act FAQ version 1.3 on 12 September 2025, aligned with the general application date. - **2025-09-12 - Vehicle-data guidance page published**: The Commission publishes guidance on vehicle data accompanying the Data Act on the Digital Strategy site, focusing on Chapter II access rules in the automotive context. - **2025-09-12 - Cloud switching process clocks apply**: Chapter VI switching contracts must support the Article 25 process limits: two-month maximum notice, 30-calendar-day mandatory transition, 14-working-day notice if technically unfeasible, any alternative transition capped at seven months, and at least 30 calendar days for data retrieval. - **2025-09-12 - B2G exceptional-need response clocks apply**: Data holders must decline or seek modification without undue delay and no later than five working days for public-emergency requests or 30 working days for other exceptional-need requests. - **2025-09-12 - Interoperability repository mechanism applies**: From the general application date, the Article 30(3) and 35(8) repository mechanism is in force; for non-IaaS data processing services, the 12-month compatibility clock starts only after common specifications or harmonised-standard references are published in the central Union standards repository through implementing acts. - **2025-09-12 - Smart-contract requirements apply**: Vendors of applications using smart contracts for automated execution of data-sharing agreements must meet Article 36 essential requirements and EU declaration of conformity duties from the general application date. - **2025-09-15 - Vehicle-data guidance published in the Official Journal**: Commission Communication C/2025/5026 on vehicle data accompanying the Data Act is published in the Official Journal on 15 September 2025. - **2025-11-19 - Model terms and cloud clauses published**: The Commission publishes non-binding Model Contractual Terms for data access and use and Standard Contractual Clauses for cloud computing contracts to help parties implement the Data Act. - **2025-11-19 - Data Union Strategy frames Data Act support package**: The Commission's Data Union Strategy is issued as COM(2025) 835 final and describes the Data Act support package, including model contracts, standard cloud clauses, reasonable-compensation guidance, trade-secret guidance, and a legal helpdesk. - **2025-12-16 - Data Act Legal Helpdesk launched**: The Commission launches the Data Act Legal Helpdesk to support stakeholders with practical implementation questions; the helpdesk page states that replies are aimed within 15 working days. - **2026-01-22 - Data Act FAQs updated (v1.4)**: The Commission publishes Data Act FAQ version 1.4 dated 22 January 2026. - **2026-01-30 - Data Act reasonable-compensation guidelines consultation**: The Commission opens targeted feedback on draft guidelines for calculating reasonable compensation under Article 9, with feedback due by 20 February 2026 and a webinar held on 10 February 2026. - **2026-03-01 - Data catalogue technical specification deadline**: Mandate M/614 sets the deadline for technical specification(s) on a data catalogue implementation framework. - **2026-03-19 - 2026 Union standardisation work programme published**: The 2026 annual Union work programme for European standardisation is published and lists planned Data Act-related work on Articles 30 and 35 cloud interoperability and switching/porting, plus quality-data work linked to the European Trusted Data Framework. - **2026-06-01 - Trusted Data Transactions Part 1 deadline**: Mandate M/614 sets the deadline for harmonised standards on Trusted Data Transactions Part 1: terminology, concepts and mechanisms. - **2026-09-01 - Semantic assets technical specification deadline**: Mandate M/614 sets the deadline for technical specification(s) on an implementation framework for semantic assets. - **2026-09-01 - Common European Data Spaces maturity model deadline**: Mandate M/614 sets the deadline for technical specification(s) on a maturity model for Common European Data Spaces. - **2026-09-12 - Connected product access-by-design obligations**: The Article 3(1) obligation applies to connected products and related services placed on the market after 12 September 2026. - **2026-11-01 - Trusted Data Transactions Part 2 deadline**: Mandate M/614 sets the deadline for harmonised standards on Trusted Data Transactions Part 2: trustworthiness requirements. - **2027-01-12 - Switching charges prohibited**: From 12 January 2027, providers of data processing services must not impose any switching charges on customers for the switching process. - **2027-03-01 - Internal data governance quality framework deadline**: Mandate M/614 sets the deadline for the European standard on a quality framework for internal data governance. - **2027-05-01 - Trusted Data Transactions Part 3 deadline**: Mandate M/614 sets the deadline for harmonised standards on Trusted Data Transactions Part 3: interoperability requirements. - **2027-09-12 - Chapter IV extends to older contracts**: Chapter IV applies from 12 September 2027 to contracts concluded on or before 12 September 2025 if they are of indefinite duration or due to expire at least 10 years from 11 January 2024. - **2028-09-12 - Commission evaluation reports due**: By 12 September 2028, the Commission must submit the general Regulation evaluation report and a second report assessing Articles 23-31 and Articles 34-35, including pricing and data-processing-service diversity with a focus on SME providers. --- [Privacy Policy](https://www.sorena.io/privacy) | [Terms of Use](https://www.sorena.io/terms-of-use) | [DMCA](https://www.sorena.io/dmca) | [About Us](https://www.sorena.io/about-us) (c) 2026 Sorena AB (559573-7338). 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